Maboliti, zolimbitsa thupi, kukulitsa mabere ndi kukwera kwa inflation: ziribe kanthu zomwe mumatcha ma implants a m'mawere, sizimawonedwa ngati zozizwitsa zachipatala, kapena maopaleshoni oopsa kwambiri.Akuti pafupifupi amayi 300,000 anawonjezera mabere mu 2014, ndipo madokotala amakono amatsindika maonekedwe "achilengedwe", omwe samawoneka osagwirizana.Mutha kuwayika pansi pakhwapa kuti muchepetse zipsera, ndipo mutha kusankha mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena "teardrop" kuti agwirizane ndi nthiti ndi thupi lanu.Masiku ano, eni mabere atsoka ali ndi njira zambiri zopangira maopaleshoni omwe adakhalapo nawo-koma mawere awo atsopano ali ndi mbiri yayitali komanso yodabwitsa.
Masiku ano, ma implants a m'mawere amaonedwa ngati ofala pa opaleshoni, ndipo nthawi zambiri amangokhala nkhani akakhala ndi chinthu chodabwitsa-monga mkazi wanzeru yemwe anayesa kuzembetsa cocaine m'thupi lake mu 2011. implants kumaphatikizapo kuphulika kwakukulu, kapena "kutsika kwa mitengo" zomwe mungathe kusintha pogwiritsa ntchito mavavu obisika, khalani chete: mbiri ya makandawa ili ndi zopanga zambiri, Sewero ndi zipangizo zina zachilendo kwambiri.
Izi sizochita nseru-koma ngati mukufuna kumvetsetsa kuti njira zowonjezeretsa mabere anu siziphatikiza jekeseni wa parafini kapena ma implants opangidwa kuchokera ku cartilage ya bovine, ndiye kuti mbiri iyi ya implants ya bere ndi yanu.
Kuyika m'mawere kungakhale kokulirapo kuposa momwe mukuganizira.Opaleshoni yoyamba ya implants inachitika ku yunivesite ya Heidelberg, Germany mu 1895, koma sikunali kwenikweni kwa zodzoladzola.Dokotala Vincent Czerny amachotsa mafuta m’matako a wodwala wamkazi n’kuwaika pa bere lake.Mukachotsa adenoma kapena chotupa chachikulu, bere liyenera kumangidwanso.
Kotero kwenikweni "implant" yoyamba sikutanthauza kukulitsa yunifolomu konse, koma kumanganso bere pambuyo pa opaleshoni yowononga.Pofotokoza za opaleshoni yopambana, Czerny adanena kuti ndi "kupewa asymmetry" -koma kufunafuna kosavuta kuti akazi azimva bwino pambuyo pa opaleshoni inapanga kusintha.
Thupi loyamba lachilendo lomwe kwenikweni limabadwira m'mawere kuti likhale lokulirapo ndiloyenera kukhala parafini.Amapezeka m'mitundu yotentha komanso yofewa ndipo makamaka amapangidwa ndi mafuta odzola.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kuonjezera kukula kwa zinthu za thupi kunapezedwa ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni wa ku Austria Robert Gesurny, yemwe poyamba anagwiritsa ntchito pa testicles ya asilikali kuti akhale athanzi.Mouziridwa, adapitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wowonjezera m'mawere.
vuto?Sera ya parafini imakhudza kwambiri thupi.“Maphikidwe” a Gesurny (gawo limodzi la mafuta odzola, magawo atatu a mafuta a azitona) ndi mitundu yake inawoneka bwino m’zaka zingapo, koma kenaka chirichonse chinalakwika kwambiri.Parafini ingachite chilichonse, kuyambira kupanga chotupa chachikulu, chosadukiza mpaka kuchititsa zilonda zazikulu kapena kuchititsa khungu.Odwala nthawi zambiri amafunika kudulidwa kotheratu kuti apulumutse miyoyo yawo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zotupa za parafini zayambanso ku Turkey ndi India…mu mbolo.Anthu akhala akubayiya jekeseni kunyumba mopanda nzeru ngati njira yowonjezera mbolo, zomwe zidadabwitsa madokotala awo, zomwe zimamveka.Mawu ochokera kwa anzeru: musachite izi.
Malinga ndi a Walter Peters ndi a Victor Fornasier, m'mbiri yawo yokulitsa mawere yolembedwa ku The Journal of Plastic Surgery mu 2009, nthawi yoyambira Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse mpaka Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse idadzazidwa ndi kuyesa kwachilendo kwa mabere owonjezera mabere-kotero Zida zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito zipanga. khungu lanu likugwedezeka.
Iwo anakumbukira kuti anthu ankagwiritsa ntchito “mipira ya minyanga ya njovu, mipira yagalasi, mafuta a masamba, mafuta a m’nyanja, lanolin, phula, shellac, nsalu ya silika, utomoni wa epoxy, mphira wapansi, chinyama cha ng’ombe, siponji, thumba, mphira, mkaka wa mbuzi, Teflon, soya ndi mtedza. mafuta, ndi galasi putty."Inde.Ino ndi nthawi yachidziwitso, koma monga momwe zikuyembekezeredwa, palibe njira izi zomwe zadziwika, ndipo chiwerengero cha matenda opatsirana pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndichokwera kwambiri.
Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti mahule a ku Japan pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse anayesa kukhutiritsa kukoma kwa asilikali a ku America mwa kubaya jekeseni zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo silicon yamadzimadzi m’mabere awo.Kupanga silicon panthawiyo sikunali koyera, ndipo zowonjezera zina zomwe zinapangidwa kuti "zikhale" ndi silicon m'mawere zinawonjezeredwa mu ndondomekoyi-monga cobra venom kapena mafuta a azitona-ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zoopsa modabwitsa pambuyo pake.
Chodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri ndi silicon yamadzimadzi ndikuti imaphulika ndikupanga ma granulomas, omwe amatha kusamukira ku gawo lililonse la thupi lomwe angasankhe.Silicone yamadzimadzi imagwiritsidwabe ntchito - yocheperako kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo silikoni yokhayo yachipatala ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito - koma imakhala yotsutsana kwambiri ndipo imatha kuyambitsa zovuta.Choncho, chisoni akazi amene ntchito zambiri silikoni madzi Kusambira mozungulira matupi awo.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950 inali nthawi yabwino kwambiri yowonjezeretsa mabere - chabwino, ngati.Mosonkhezeredwa ndi kukongola kwa pachifuwa chakuthwa kwa zaka khumi zapitazi, malingaliro atsopano ndi zopangira zida zoikamo zidatuluka mwachangu pomwe zinthu zomwe zidapezeka pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse zidayamba kupezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu wamba.Chimodzi ndi siponji ya Ivalon yopangidwa ndi polyethylene;ina ndi tepi ya polyethylene yokulungidwa mu mpira ndikukulunga mu nsalu kapena polyethylene yambiri.(Polyethylene sinayambe kupanga malonda mpaka 1951.)
Komabe, ngakhale zili bwino kwambiri kuposa sera ya parafini chifukwa sizimakuphani pang’onopang’ono, sizili zabwino kwenikweni pamaonekedwe a mabere anu.Pambuyo pa chaka cha chisangalalo chosangalatsa, amakhala olimba ngati miyala ndipo amachepetsa chifuwa chanu-nthawi zambiri amachepera mpaka 25%.Zinapezeka kuti chinkhupule chawo chinagwa mwachindunji mu bere.Uwu.
Ma implants a m'mawere omwe tsopano timawadziwa-silicon ngati chinthu chomata mu "thumba" -choyamba chinawonekera mu 1960s ndipo chinapangidwa ndi Dr. Thomas Cronin ndi mnzake Frank Gerow (akuti, amapangidwa mu pulasitiki Thumba la magazi limamva modabwitsa ngati mabere).
Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, zoyika m'mawere zidayesedwa koyamba pa agalu.Inde, mwiniwake woyamba wa mawere a silicon anali galu wotchedwa Esmerelda, amene anawayesa mokoma mtima.Ngati sayamba kutafuna ma sutures pakatha milungu ingapo, amasunga nthawi yayitali.Mwachiwonekere, Esmerelda wosauka sanakhudzidwe ndi opaleshoniyo (ndikukayikira).
Munthu woyamba kuikidwa m'mawere a silicon anali a Timmy Jean Lindsay, wa ku Texan, yemwe anapita ku chipatala chachifundo kuti akachotse zizindikiro za m'mawere, koma adavomera kuti akhale dokotala woyamba padziko lapansi.Lindsay, wazaka 83, akadali ndi ma implants lero.
Mapiritsi a saline - kugwiritsa ntchito saline solution m'malo mwa silika gel fillers - adayamba mu 1964 pamene kampani ya ku France inawapanga ngati matumba olimba a silikoni momwe saline amatha kubayidwiramo.Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi ma implants a saline ndikuti muli ndi chisankho: mukhoza kudzaza kale musanayike, kapena dokotala wa opaleshoni akhoza "kuwadzaza" atawaika m'thumba, monga momwe amapangira mpweya mu tayala.
Nthawi yomwe ma protheses amadzi amchere amawaliradi inali mu 1992, pomwe FDA idaletsa chiletso chachikulu pazovala zonse zamabele zodzaza silikoni, kudandaula za kuopsa kwa thanzi lawo, ndipo pamapeto pake kulepheretsa kampaniyo kugulitsa kwathunthu.Kuyika kwa saline kumapangitsa kuperewera uku, 95% ya implants zonse zitayimitsidwa ndi mchere.
Pambuyo pazaka zopitilira khumi mukuzizira, silicon idaloledwa kugwiritsidwanso ntchito muzoyika zamawere mu 2006-koma mwanjira yatsopano.Pambuyo pazaka zofufuza komanso kuyesa, a FDA pomaliza adalola kuti ma implants odzazidwa ndi silicone alowe mumsika waku US.Iwo ndi saline wamba tsopano ndi njira ziwiri zopangira opaleshoni yamakono yowonjezera mabere.
Silicone yamasiku ano idapangidwa kuti ifanane ndi mafuta amunthu: ndi yokhuthala, yomata, ndipo imatchedwa "semi-solid."Ndilo m'badwo wachisanu wa implants wa silicon-mbadwo woyamba unapangidwa ndi Cronin ndi Gerow, ndi zatsopano zosiyanasiyana panjira, kuphatikizapo zokutira zotetezeka, ma gels okhuthala ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe.
Chotsatira ndi chiyani?Tikuwoneka kuti tabwereranso mu nthawi ya "jekeseni pachifuwa", chifukwa anthu akufunafuna njira zowonjezera chikho popanda opaleshoni.Zimatenga maola angapo kubaya chodzaza Macrolane, koma zotsatira zake zimatha miyezi 12 mpaka 18 yokha.Komabe, pali kutsutsana kwina: akatswiri a radiology sadziwa momwe angachiritsire chifuwa cha Macrolane ngati chemotherapy ikufunika.
Zikuwoneka kuti ma implants apitilizabe kukhalapo-koma chonde pitilizani kulabadira zomwe apanga motsatira kukweza bere kukula kwa stratospheric.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-12-2021